What does "low-impact development" (LID) focus on?

Low-impact development (LID) focuses on managing stormwater in a way that mimics natural hydrology. This approach seeks to minimize the impact of development on the environment by integrating sustainable practices that enhance the natural drainage of water. LID encourages the use of design practices that capture, retain, and treat stormwater on-site, which helps to reduce runoff, recharge groundwater, and maintain the natural flow of water in ecosystems.

The essence of LID is not just about drainage; it emphasizes how the landscape can be shaped and maintained to promote ecological integrity. By using techniques such as rain gardens, permeable pavements, and green roofs, LID strategies help in preserving the natural water cycle, which is crucial for local flora and fauna as well as for reducing pollution.

In contrast, the other options do not align with the principles of LID. For example, utilizing artificial materials tends to create impervious surfaces that exacerbate stormwater issues rather than mitigate them. Maximizing land use in urban areas often ignores ecological impacts and can lead to increased runoff and habitat disruption. Avoiding any type of landscape modification contradicts the adaptive, integrative approach that LID promotes, as proper landscape design is a fundamental aspect of implementing low-impact strategies effectively.